Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by multisystem involvement and an unpredictable course. Despite advances in medical therapy, individuals with SLE continue to face substantial physical, psychological, and social challenges that demand sustained nursing support. This review aims to synthesise epidemiology, aetiology, clinical manifestations, and adaptive challenges of SLE, with particular emphasis on nursing strategies that foster patient adaptation and self-management. A narrative review of relevant literature was undertaken using established databases. Findings highlight that successful adaptation to SLE is influenced by disease activity, individual coping mechanisms, social support, and access to healthcare resources. Comprehensive nursing assessment, guided by adaptation models and validated tools, combined with patient education, symptom management, and psychosocial support, plays a central role in improving quality of life. In resource-constrained settings such as India, early identification of disease worsening and nurse-led interventions can significantly reduce morbidity and healthcare costs. Strengthening nursing capacity is therefore essential to enable individuals with SLE to live meaningful and productive lives.